How car ac works

How car ac works,A car's air conditioning system does not create cold air. Instead, it takes the heat out of air that is already in your car. Understanding how this works begins with understanding the various components of an automotive air conditioning system. The large central component is called a compressor. Coming out from the compressor are high-pressure and low-pressure hoses. These hoses run to the condenser, which looks like a small radiator toward the front of the engine, and an evaporator, which also looks like a small radiator. The system also has a dryer, which looks like a small canister. Finally, the system has a thermal expansion valve, which is responsible for controlling the flow of refrigerant through the system, thus regulating the temperature of the air. Coolant, which is a compressible gas, runs through this system



The Process - Removing Heat From Air

The coolant, which is often Freon, begins in the compressor, where it is compressed into a high-pressure, high-temperature gas. It travels through the high-pressure lines to the condenser. The condenser puts the gas in contact with fresh air on the outside of the vehicle, which absorbs the heat from the gas. This causes the refrigerant to liquefy, but it is still at high pressure. It then flows into the dryer, where the liquid is separated from any other gases or impurities that have made their way into it during the process. The clean liquid then travels through the tubing into the evaporator, where it turns into vapor. Fans blow the air from the car's cabin over the evaporator, and the evaporating liquid sucks the heat out of the air to use as energy for the evaporation process. The cool, dry air is recirculated back into the cabin, while the refrigerant, now in low-pressure gas form, heads back to the compressor to get compressed into the high-pressure gas and begin the process again.

The Potential Dangers

Car air conditioners rely on compressible gases, such as Freon. The type of Freon that was commonly used in cars in the past, R-12, is harmful to the ozone layer. As such, it cannot be exposed to the air, which means servicing car air conditioners requires access to special machines that keep the Freon out of the atmosphere. Newer cars are being cooled with a new refrigerant, R-134a. This is not dangerous to the ozone layer, and thus can be serviced without special tools. Many cars can be converted to use the less dangerous refrigerant.
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how car engine works

How car engine works,a car engine work starts and functions by the use of a tiny spark. This spark ignites the gas that causes a tiny explosion which pushes a piston that turns a crank shaft. There is a lot more that happens during this time, however. The piston actually has three jobs to compress the gas and air, to receive the power of the explosion, and transfer that energy to the crankshaft. Keep in mind that there are several pistons connected to one crank shaft, and all of them are rotating at intervals. When one is going up, the other is coming down.

Pistons and Crankshaft

The engine piston is located inside a cylinder where the explosion takes place. This piston is connected to the crankshaft, and as the piston moves up and down in the cylinder, it turns the crankshaft which gives drive power to the car. To begin, we will imagine the cylinder is compressed, filled with gas and air. A spark fires, pushing the piston to the bottom of the cylinder, and turning the crank shaft one half revolution.

Exhaust and Gas Valves
Now the cylinder is filled with exhaust from the explosion. A valve opens at the top of the cylinder, and as the piston is pushed back up the cylinder (by the turning crankshaft driven by another piston firing), the exhaust is expelled from this open valve. Since that piston is now pushed to the top of the cylinder, all the exhaust is pushed out of the engine. As the crankshaft continues to turn, the piston is brought back down in the cylinder. Another valve on the other side of the cylinder opens and a gas and air mixture fills the cylinder. On the next rotation, the piston is pushed back up into the cylinder compressing the mixture. The spark fires and propels the piston back down again.

Starting the Car Engine
When the car is turned on, gas is injected into the cylinder with air. The crankshaft is turned manually to compress the air and gas. The spark plug fires and ignites the air-gas mixture causing a contained explosion which propels the piston back down, turning the crank shaft halfway around. This starts the entire process. Remember, when one piston is being forced up the cylinder, another is being forced down in the cylinder, this keeps the crankshaft moving and the engine running.
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Essential Motorhome Tools to Go

Essential Motorhome Tools to Go.
The important thing to bear in mind is that the quality and selection of tools you take along is significantly more important than the quantity. Chosen carefully, you can reduce the weight and size of your tool kit without compromising its effectiveness. Another point to bear in mind is the means of carrying your tools. Although a macho-looking red metal tool box with ball-bearing runners and chrome hinges will look impressive, it will be very noisy as all those tools clatter around while you are on the move – and very heavy, too. A better alternative is an old holdall - it can be squashed into the corner of a locker, will deaden the sound of the tools, and weigh next to nothing compared to a box.

So what tools should you take?

WD40 - A can of this is seen much like the 'magic sponge' on the football pitch: a sort of cure-all; and that's pretty much the case. It's ideal for sorting out seized fixings and stopping squeaks. But it's excellent for electrical work, too. If you find a gungy electrical connection, a quick clean with some emery cloth and a squirt of WD40 is usually enough to sort things out.

Spanners - The secret is not to take a full set, which might well consist of seven or eight pieces and weigh a couple of kilos – there are not that many times that you are likely to need a spanner in the course of general maintenance of your motorhome. Leave most of your spanners at home; you'll need the one for changing the gas bottles, and a small one (typically 12 or 13mm) for removing the battery, but little else. Pack a small adjustable spanner in case you have a loose nut here or there, but unless you're going to carry out serious mechanical work, there's little call for a spanner.

Screwdrivers - As with spanners, there's little point in taking a whole load of screwdrivers with you when, in all probability, two or three would suffice. One large flat-bladed screwdriver will double usefully as a pry-bar for removing wheel trims and generally 'persuading' troublesome bits and bobs. A regular Phillips and a flat-bladed screwdriver will be good enough for general work but put a small electrical screwdriver in, too, for those fiddly little jobs. If you have a modern motorhome, buy a couple of torx-headed screwdrivers for removing interior trim: T20 and T25 sizes are very popular in Fiat and Peugeot models.

Torque Wrench - A torque wrench may seem a touch extravagant but it is essential for checking that your wheel nuts are tight. Throw away your standard wheel brace and replace it with a large, good quality, torque wrench equipped with the correct socket for securing your wheel nuts. It will also help ensure that you do not over tighten the nuts and damage them.

PTFE Tape - PTFE stands for Polytetrafluoroethylene… otherwise known as Teflon! This thread-sealing tape is ideal whatever problem you encounter, be it a plumbing or engine leak. Simply wrap the stricken thread in tape, retighten the fitting and there's a fair chance your problem will be solved. PTFE tape costs pennies to buy and weighs almost nothing.

Utility Knife - There is no substitute for one of these when you need a blade to remove something. The knife is an old design – neither clever nor sophisticated, but it really works well. The cheapest models cost as little as £1, but put a good blade in the handle and it will be as good and effective as the best.



Insulating Tape - Quite simply, a must have. If a wire's insulation gets damaged, or you need to join two wires, wrapping any bare wire with insulating tape will prevent trouble in the future. A length of wire - A piece of wire is always useful to have around. If wire gets cut or damaged, you can always bridge the break with a piece you have to hand. As you never know the particular use the wire is likely to be put to, it is best to opt for a heavy gauge. In an emergency, if you end up using a wire which is too thick it will be unlikely to cause a problem, but if the wire is too thin, it will heat up and, in extreme cases, could even cause a fire.

Cable Ties - These are great for get-you-home repairs. You can use them to hold all sorts of items in place: starter motors, air filters, wheel trims, wing mirrors and the like. Cable ties cost just pence to buy, are virtually indestructible and even a large handful of them weigh next to nothing.

Pliers - A simple pair of pliers can be as cheap as £3 or £4. They can be used for cutting and stripping wire, gripping screws with broken heads and you can always use your pliers when all your normal tools have been defeated.

Engine Oil - Your motorhome is likely to have a pint or so of water on board for emergency topping up, but many owners travel without engine oil. Keeping the oil level correct is simple and essential maintenance.

Length of Rope / Strong String - The number of possible uses for a length of rope is endless and you really should have some with you. Whether it's for tethering a piece of luggage, something which has broken, or just providing extra security for your bike rack, it's never a bad idea to have some on board.

Electrical Terminals and a pair of purpose-made Crimping Pliers - Wires and terminals can break due to a number of factors such as vibration, carelessness and corrosion, so having a means of joining wires or replacing fractured terminals is a must. Electrical terminals cost pennies and can quickly fix many simple electrical problems.

A Piece of Rag - A ready supply of rag is invaluable. A clean rag is good for dusting the dashboard and wiping the windows, a manky one, kept under the bonnet, is handy for wiping the dipstick, mopping up oil and screen-wash spills and general dirty work.

Foot Pump and Tyre Pressure Gauge - Tyres are not a fit-and-forget part, so a pressure gauge is a must, to guard against under-inflation. If your tyres are soft, a foot pump is just the job for getting them back up to pressure.

Motorhome Insurance – make sure that you check your insurance cover before setting off. Is your policy due for renewal?

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Hand Controls, Swivel Seats and other Car Mobility Aids

Hand Controls, Swivel Seats and other Car Mobility Aids
Technology and invention combined has enabled any car to become disabled friendly. The devices available on the market today range from wheelchair lifts and person lifts to hand controls enabling a disabled driver to drive the car themselves giving much appreciated independence.

There are various devices and models available, of which here are some examples:

Independent Wheelchair Lifts
Wheelchair lifts are extremely beneficial for disabled drivers with manual wheelchairs who wish to be independent. They fit most cars and operation is easy. These wheelchair lifts offer enclosed protection from the elements, for the wheelchair and the cost of transferring it to your next vehicle is minimal.

Wheelchair and Scooter Lifts
Wheelchair and scooter lifts are designed to lift manual wheelchairs and scooters and can be fitted to hatchbacks, estate cars, 4 x 4’s and MPV’s. When not in use, these devices store neatly away and can be transferred should a new car be purchased. The wheelchair and scooter lifts come in various models depending on the weight of the wheelchair or scooter, typically around 40 to 150kg lifts.

Person Lifts
Person lifts are for lifting people from their wheelchair into a vehicle and out again. Some models enable the person to stay in their wheelchair which then becomes the car seat. These devices are extremely practical and useful and can be bought for use in the home or the car. It makes the lifting of people effortless and with complete comfort for the disabled person.

Swivel Seats
Swivel seats for cars are a quick and easy way of making getting in and out of cars much easier. Pulling a simple lever allows the seat to be manually swiveled through approximately 90 degrees, making it easier to either stand up or doing a sliding transfer onto a wheelchair or scooter. These swivel seats usually come with glide rails to enable the user to position the seat for optimum comfort when travelling. The seat can be used on either the passenger or driver side. When used on the driver side, there may be limited rotation. There are even special swivel seats available for MPV’s and 4 x 4’s which can also be utilized on mobile homes. These seats swivel out but also lower the person as well.

Hand Controls
There are various push pull hand controls available for installation in to cars. These devices can be for a single control use or can multiple controls for example integral indicator switches. There are devices that operate secondary functions at the touch of a button can also include:
• Indicators & hazard lights
• Headlights
• Horn
• Windscreen wipers (front and rear)
• Windscreen washers (front and rear)
• Fog lights
• Other functions may be possible, eg Radio on/off, heated windscreen, etc



Should a person not be to operate the foot pedals in an automatic car then there are push pull systems that can be fitted which enable them to do so. The rods connecting the controls and the pedals are fixed within the steering column for safety and ease.
Other devices that can be fitted are steering wheel balls for one handed steering, easy release mechanisms for handbrakes and one that enables the switching of the accelerator operation from left to right.

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The Healing Effect of Bamboo Wind Chimes

The Healing Effect of Bamboo Wind Chimes.
What couldbe morerelaxing than sitting backand enjoying;the melodictinklingof windchimeswhilefeelingthe softcaress of a subtlebreezeflow across yourbody?Bamboowindchimeshavebeen knownfor havingan amazing effecton boththe body and the mind. They are madein severaldifferent colorsand sizes reflecting the makersstylesor the stylesfromwhere the makersare from. When a bamboorod is handcarved into thin pieces of wood of varyinglengths, a tinklingand soothingsoundis produced whenstruck. A thicker wood produces a bongsound, quite similarto metal chimeswhich givesoff different tonesbased on theirconstruction. Nevertheless, bothsounds;workin harmonyand can be equallyhealing. These chimeshavebeen usedfor thousands;of yearsby the Chineseto helprelievestress and also to clear onesmind.

Over three thousandyearsago,incredibleChinesecraftsmen firstbegancreating bamboowindchimesfor religious ceremonies.Today, those familiar with FengShui (a system thathelps;you improveyourlife and achievebalance and harmonyin onese;lf;as wellas withinnature) believethatthesechimeshelpto activatethe chi (energy)of its surroundingsand will eliminate many health problemsfor those living in the home. Bamboowindchimesare believed;to helpfree stagnant energy. Whetheror not you believein thesefung shui claimsof the windchime's ability to releasethe Chi fromits surroundings, one factthatcannot be disputed is thatthesewindchimesdo havea relaxing effectand are therefore, beneficial to oneshealth.You can enjoythesebamboowindchimesbothoutsideon a deck, porch,backyard;or garden, and indoorsby hanging them near a window;or a fan.The alluringmusictheycreate has a natural, healing effect. Many people swearthesewindchimesare so soothingtheyconjure up days spent relaxing on a tropical island.

As you can see, bamboowindchimeshavemoreto offer than just being a pretty accessory or décorpiece to yourdeckor home; theycan really helpto calmyou and also helpyou to releasestress. It’s all right to want to dress up yourhome or porch with thesevisually appealingbamboowindchimes, but it’salso possible to get the addedbonus of enhancingyourspiritas well.



The bamboowindchimesthatare madeon islandsby localartiststend to be meticulouslycrafted, last longer, and are eco-friendly. Many of the localartist producingthesestunning works;havebeen doing it for yearsas it normallyis a traditionpassedon down the generations. Being craftsmen and artists, theytakepride in the makingof thesewindchimesand will make them to theirown exacting standards. Owningone of these“musicfor the soul” bamboowindchimesmay not onlyhelpyou reconnectwith yourspirit, but theycouldbring you a senseof peace, good luckas wellas good fortune.

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SUBWOOFER ENCLOSURE-WHEN SMALLER IS BETTER

SUBWOOFER ENCLOSURE-WHEN SMALLER IS BETTER.
To have a really good auto audio system, it is not important to have a huge, larger than life set up. It's more important to have a subwoofer enclosure that is sized appropriately for the car, truck, van or SUV into which you are installing the system.



The ideal mobile audio system is not necessarily the loudest or the most expensive, just as a complete mobile audio system is not simply a stereo and a set of speakers. By incorporating additional components, your daily drive time can become the favorite part of your day. A properly customized and designed mobile audio system will add richness and depth to your favorite music and enhance your listening experience. Once the choice of the ideal audio system is made, your next decision is to examine the size of your subwoofer enclosure.



Some people think that having an awesome mobile audio system means having huge, bulky boxes of equipment that replace the back seat. However, the opposite of that is true. To have a really good auto audio system, it is not important to have a huge, larger than life set up. It's more important to have a subwoofer enclosure that is sized appropriately for the car, truck, van or SUV into which you are installing the system. In addition, one of the most important purposes of the subwoofer box is to position your subwoofer in such a way that you'll get the most of the sound this awesome piece of equipment is capable of generating. Think that's not important? Think again.



If your subwoofers are simply sitting in a cheap box on the seat or stuffed partially under the seat, you're running a double risk - the risk of damage to your equipment and the possibility that you aren't putting the speakers to their best use. The biggest advantage of subwoofer enclosures is that you have your new equipment stashed in a beautiful box that will blend with your vehicle. There’s no need to bring attention to the piece of equipment by having it stand out in an ugly subwoofer enclosure. The only time someone should notice your subwoofer enclosure is when you crank up the volume and they look for the source of that incredible sound.





If you are "decorating" your car or truck with oversized subwoofer enclosures to give the impression that you are cool, stop and think which impression you really want to give. Do you truly want to offer the most incredible sound for your vehicle, or do you want people to be freaked out by the number of oversized speakers you were able to fit into a Ford Pinto? When it is really about quality sound, remember that the best subwoofer enclosure will fit and accentuate the vehicle, not overshadow it and weigh it down on one side or end!



If the subwoofer is what your car stereo needs for perfected quality, take the time to fit it properly with the right size subwoofer enclosure The quality of sound you get as a result will be worth the effort.

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How to Clean Car Head lights

How to Clean Car Headlights,to clean car headlights you must be patiencely,just follow this step by step.


Step1

First, wash your headlights using normal car soap and water. Be sure to remove any film, bugs, or dirt present on the headlights. Once the headlights are clean, be sure to dry them thoroughly.




Step 2

Once your headlights are clean and dry, apply some aluminum polisher on a dry towel. Next, begin to apply the aluminum polisher on your faded headlights. Rub the polisher in a circular motion while applying pressure. Ensure that you scrub the entire headlight.

Step 3

Once the aluminum polisher is applied, let it sit for 5 minutes. Now that its settled, take a new towel and rub off the polisher. Use the same circular motions. This step may take some time and effort, but it will be worth it!

Step 4

Now that you have rubbed off all of the polisher, take a step back and enjoy your shiny new headlights!

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